Author Archive

GHFA’s Immediate Needs Grant Program Named 2020 Outstanding Program of the Year by the AAFP Foundation

The Georgia Healthy Family Alliance, the philanthropic arm of the Georgia Academy of Family Physicians (GAFP), has been named the Outstanding Program of the Year by the American Academy of Family Physician (AAFP) Foundation for the Immediate Needs Grants For Our Patients, program which was launched in late March in response to the COVID-19 outbreak in Georgia.

The Immediate Needs Grant program has provided more than $40,000 for micro-grants to GAFP member identified needs among their patients including prescription assistance for home bound senior citizens, lunch delivery for vulnerable children who no longer have access to school meals, PPE for charitable care clinics, and sanitizer distribution for Atlanta’s large homeless community.

“We are humbled to be recognized for our collective effort to help our patients and communities maintain health and hope during these uncertain times,” said GHFA Board President Dr. PJ Lynn. “I commend the GAFP members on the front line of this epidemic for going above and beyond to lift others in the face of this crisis,” he added.

AAFP Foundation President, Dr. Julie Anderson, congratulated GHFA for positively impacting Family Medicine with the Immediate Needs Program for our Patients project during the COVID-19 outbreak. The AAFP Foundation established the Outstanding Program Award to nationally recognize exceptional philanthropic activities of AAFP Chapters and Chapter Foundations. The Award is presented annually at the AAFP Foundation’s Annual Recognition Dinner during Family Medicine Experience (FMX) which was previously scheduled to be held October 15, 2020 in Chicago.

To donate to the Immediate Needs Grant Program or to see a complete list of the grants awarded visit www.georgiahealthyfamilyalliance.org. GHFA is also sharing details of each grant through “Good News Stories” published in the GAFP Newsletter.

The Georgia Healthy Family Alliance is the only charitable organization in Georgia whose objective is to improve access to quality health care through initiatives and programs lead and supported by the care and generosity of family medicine specialists. We rely on the leadership, support and generosity of family physicians and corporate donors to fulfill our mission. The Georgia Healthy Family Alliance is a charitable public foundation recognized by the Internal Revenue Service as a 501 (c)(3) tax exempt organization and is thereby eligible to receive grants and tax-deductible gifts and contributions.

GHFA Seeking Applicants for Last Cycle of the 2020 Community Health Grant Awards Program 

Deadline to Apply Extended to July 13th

The Georgia Healthy Family Alliance (GHFA) has opened the application period for the final cycle of the 2020 Community Health Grant Awards program. In March, GHFA paused the program in response to the COVID-19 outbreak and began awarding smaller Immediate Needs Grants to Georgia Academy of Family Physician (GAFP) member identified urgent needs in their communities.

Current GAFP members including medical students, residents and active/ life members are eligible to apply for up to $5,000 to support GAFP member affiliated community organizations that support program priorities including underserved populations and community programs that promote healthy practices consistent with the principles of Family Medicine. The application deadline for the final cycle of 2020 is July 13th.  Grant awards will be announced in August 2020.

Over the last seven years the Community Health Grant Program has awarded more than $366,000 in grants back to GAFP members, residency programs, FMIG groups and their communities. Visit http://www.georgiahealthyfamilyalliance.org to download the 2020 application or view a list of previously funded grant projects.

Even if you do not have a community project that could benefit from a grant, please consider making a contribution so that the Alliance can continue to support these vital projects. All donations are tax deductible. Alliance contributions can be made easily online at www.georgiahealthyfamilyalliance.org/donate/ or by contacting Kara Sinkule at ksinkule@gafp.org or calling (800) 392-3841.

Outreach to GAFP Resident and Student Members for AAFP Commission and National Leadership Positions – July 20th deadline

To:       GAFP Resident and Student Members

From: Jeff Stone, MD, MHA, MBA, FAAFP, President

There are many ways that our Georgia family medicine residents and medical students can serve at a national level.   All of these opportunities requires the permission of your residency director, or school advisor and a nomination letter from the Georgia Chapter.

Only one GAFP resident and student will be nominated for each potential appointment.  Please review the options and positions available to you and submit an email to the GAFP (ffulton@gafp.org) no later than July 20th – to be considered for nomination.  Note that priority is given to residents and students who have served at the local/chapter level.

Please answer the following questions:

  1. Name/Year in Residency/Residency Program
  2. Please rank the commission or other appointment that you wish to be considered (up to 3)
  3. Please list the expertise you have to apply for these appointments.
  4. Do you have permission from your program to apply?

Residents:  https://www.aafp.org/membership/involve/lead/students-residents/resident/aafp-commissions-resident.html

Medical Students:  https://www.aafp.org/membership/involve/lead/students-residents/student/aafp-commissions-student.html

The Executive Committee will make their selection in early August and then you will have several weeks to get your full application, including a letter of support from the GAFP, submitted to the AAFP by the September 8th deadline.  Thank you for your review – we encourage you to apply

Family Medicine Leads provides scholarships for GAFP Students

The winners of the 2020 Family Medicine Leads Scholarships for the AAFP National Conference for Students and Residents have been determined. Congratulations to the scholarship recipients from Georgia:

  • Reem Al-Atassi (student) – Grayson
  • Sarah Clark (student) – Atlanta
  • Claire Edelson (student) – Atlanta
  • Pamela Cuebas (student) – San Juan
  • Morgan Fuller (student) – Lawrenceville
  • Justin Juan (student) – Atlanta
  • Dominique Munroe (student) – Nassau
  • Najeeb Siddiq (student) – Atlanta
  • Kristen Stovall (student) – Savannah

Each winner will receive a $130 scholarship provided by the AAFP Foundation to attend the virtual National Conference, July 30 – August 1, 2020. These scholarships are made possible because of donations from family physicians across the country. Nearly 600 scholarship applications were received, and 250 Family Medicine Leads Scholarships were awarded.

Family Medicine Leads Scholarships for the National Conference are comprised of the following categories: Early Career Student, Student or Resident Primary Care Champion, and Family Medicine Interest Group (FMIG) Leaders. Congratulations to all the Georgia recipients. See you virtually in July!

Click here to see the complete list of recipients.

Medicaid Provider – COVID Relief

Targeted Payments to Medicaid and CHIP Providers

HHS announced this week plans to distribute $15 billion from the Provider Relief Fund targeted to eligible providers that participate in state Medicaid and CHIP programs and have not yet received a payment from the Provider Relief Fund General Distribution. This funding will supply relief to Medicaid and CHIP clinicians experiencing lost revenues or increased expenses due to COVID-19. Additional payments will also be made to safety-net hospitals.

To be eligible for this funding, health care clinicians must not have received payments from the $50 billion Provider Relief Fund General Distribution and either have directly billed their state Medicaid/CHIP programs or Medicaid managed-care plans for health-care-related services between January 1, 2018, and May 31, 2020.

The Provider Relief General Distribution directed $50 billion to Medicare facilities and providers affected by COVID-19, based on eligible providers’ 2018 net patient revenue, in April and May. This distribution reached approximately 62% of all providers participating in state Medicaid and CHIP programs. For this reason, many family physicians may not be eligible for the Medicaid targeted payments. This new Medicaid and CHIP Targeted Distribution will make monies from the Provider Relief Fund available to the remaining 38% of providers that participate in state Medicaid and CHIP programs and have not yet received a payment from the Provider Relief Fund General Allocation.

Action Required to Receive Payments

HHS launched the Enhanced Provider Relief Fund Payment Portal(cares.linkhealth.com) on June 10. To receive a payment, clinicians who participate in state Medicaid and CHIP programs and/or Medicaid and CHIP managed care organizations, and who have not yet received General Distribution funding, should report their annual patient revenue through this portal. The distribution will be equal to at least 2% of reported gross revenues from patient care. The final amount each provider receives will be determined after the data are submitted, including information about the number of Medicaid patients served. The deadline to submit an application for the Medicaid Targeted Distribution is July 20, 2020.

Instructions(www.hhs.gov) and the application form(www.hhs.gov) are provided to assist applicants in applying for funds. Once a payment is received, providers must sign an attestation confirming receipt of the funds and agree to the Terms and Conditions(www.hhs.gov) within 90 days.

Thrive Workshop: Now Open to All Members

Are you an employed physician concerned about increasing your bottom line? 

Let the GAFP Thrive – Coding and Reimbursement Practice Improvement Workshop Help!

With the devastating financial impact COVID-19 is having on the economy, there is no better time than now to ensure your practice is reimbursed at the highest rate possible.  There is still time to register for the July 16th Thrive – Coding and Reimbursement Practice Improvement workshop in Atlanta.  Thrive is an innovative practice transformation project that focuses on helping primary care practices increase reimbursements by identifying under-used codes and procedures. It is designed to help practices survive and thrive in today’s changing healthcare environment by educating the care team on ways to find hidden or underutilized coding to help receive the highest possible reimbursement rates.  Thrive will also help the practice ensure their patients are taking advantage of all the benefits that their health plans allow.

As an added incentive, completion of the Thrive program counts as an American Board of Family Medicine (ABFM) Self-Directed Performance Improvement Activity where you earn up to 20 points towards your overall 50-point activity requirement.

The July 16 workshop will include education on missed coding opportunities, proper documentation tips and techniques, and rapid-cycle improvement processes. During the second workshop on October 15, 2020, practice teams will have an opportunity to report progress on their individual practice improvement projects and receive additional coaching from the practice transformation consulting team.

If you’re tired of losing money because you’re not being reimbursed for the work that you and your team perform in your practice, please submit an application to attend the July cohort today.

Registration fees are $500 per practice, reimbursable upon completion of the program.  Only active GAFP members and their billing team qualify to attend.

Attention Students and Residents: AAFP’s National Conference is Going Virtual!

The AAFP Board of Directors made the decision that, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, we will transition this year’s National Conference to an all-virtual event. We feel this is the best decision to protect the health and safety of attendees.

Just like the in-person event, the virtual National Conference is the must-attend event of the year for students and residents. Your booth in the virtual Expo Hall will be a valuable opportunity for you to share information and connect with students and residents. In addition to many of the benefits you would have received in the live environment, you will get some new benefits for your investment, including:

  • “Virtual floors” within the Expo Hall that allow attendees to easily find you based on geography, categories, areas of interest, etc.
  • Ability to upload a promotional video, logo, and other branding and to schedule public demos in your virtual booth
  • Opportunity to pre-schedule one-on-one video chats, private interviews/demos and more
  • More dedicated exhibit time when sessions and networking events aren’t taking place, compared to the in-person event
  • New sponsorship opportunities for you to increase your exposure with future health care leaders (details coming soon)

The AAFP is working through all of the logistics for the event, but here is what we know right now:

  • National Conference will still take place July 30 – August 1. However, the times have been adjusted to accommodate attendees’ varying time zones.
  • Transitioning National Conference to a virtual event will reduce the AAFP’s event costs, so we want to pass savings along to you. The exhibitor fee is being reduced from $1,350 to $1,000. If you already paid your fee, you would get a refund for the difference; please allow up to 45 days for a refund of the exhibitor fee differential.
  • Cancellations: Based on the shift to a virtual environment, you can proceed with canceling all airline, hotel and vendor booth orders you may have made in conjunction to your “live event” exhibit participation. If you made a hotel reservation through Visit KC on Passkey, no further action is required. Visit KC will cancel all hotel reservations booked in the AAFP National Conference room block. Each reservation will receive a cancellation acknowledgement email. Please contact housing@ihs-housingteam.com if you have any questions.

Keep an eye on our National Conference website and watch your email for more details in the coming weeks.

Kristy Sloan, CEM
Exhibit Manager | Strategic Engagements

ksloan@aafp.org

 

Providers Must Act by June 3, 2020 to Receive Additional Relief Fund General Distribution Payment

The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) is reminding eligible providers that they have until June 3, 2020, to accept the Terms and Conditions and submit their revenue information to support receiving an additional payment from the Provider Relief Fund $50 billion General Distribution. All providers who automatically received an additional General Distribution payment prior to 5:00 pm, Friday, April 24th, must provide HHS with an accounting of their annual revenues by submitting tax forms or financial statements. These providers must also agree to the program Terms and Conditions if they wish to keep the funds. Providers who have cases pending before the department for adjudication with regard to eligibility for general distribution funding will not be impacted by this closure. All cases needing individual adjudication will need to be received by HHS no later than June 3, 2020.

For more information visit:
https://www.hhs.gov/about/news/2020/05/20/providers-must-act-june-3-2020-receive-additional-relief-fund-general-distribution-payment.html

 

Contact Tracing Webinar Recording Available Now

As a follow-up, here is the link to our webinar recording, and links below containing several tools and resources to help us work together to roll out contact tracing across Georgia:

  1. Webinar Slides, including:
    1. Healthy Georgia Collaborative overview and process (Slides 4-10)
    2. Guidance for reporting positive COVID-19 cases to DPH (Slide 12)
    3. Talking points to educate patients about contact tracing (Slides 14-16)
  2. Webinar Q&A Summary
  3. General Public FAQs about contact tracing 
  4. General Public FAQs about coronavirus 

For any questions or support related to contact tracing at DPH, please reach out to the following channels:

 

Summer CME Boost! Don’t miss GAFP’s Upcoming Webinars – Register Today!

The Georgia Academy of Family Physicians in partnership with the Georgia Department of Public Health is bringing you webinars with key information that is vital to Georgia’s family physicians and your patient population.  These educational webinars offer a streamlined, comprehensive approach to services that are needed and accessible to clinicians. Please register and plan on participating to hear the latest updates.

Tuesday, June 9th – Sexually Transmitted Infections in Southern Adolescents – 12:00pm – 1:00pm

Webinar Objectives:

  • Review the epidemiology of common sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in southern adolescent populations
  • List key strategies to optimize sexual history taking and review the recommended STI screenings in adolescents
  • Describe the presentation of common STIs relevant to adolescent populations
  • Describe public health measures for the prevention of STIs among adolescents

Please click the link to register for the Tuesday, June 9th webinar.

https://attendee.gotowebinar.com/register/505592136468525325

Thursday, June 11th Patient Privacy Considerations in Family Medicine at 12:00 pm – 1:00 pm

Webinar Objectives:

Educate family physicians and staff regarding general health information and the law pertaining to minors and those transitioning to adults.

  • Age of majority/emancipation.
  • What are the medical rights of minors (under age 18)?
  • What information can or must be shared with parents?

Learn what exceptions apply to the general rules above?

  • Rules for mental/behavioral/substance health
  • Rules for pregnancy, reproduction, abortion, etc.
  • Emergencies
  • Are there differences for emancipated youth, youth in foster care, youth with developmental delays?

Discuss Best practices for your medical practice.

  • Obtaining consent.
  • How legal rights and privacy change at age 18 and why it’s important to discuss with that topic with parents and patients.
  • Recommendations for policies regarding how the office addresses consent and privacy.
  • What resources are available to you for additional information?

Please click the link to register for the Thursday, June 11th webinar.

https://attendee.gotowebinar.com/register/8515932368423314443

Can’t Listen Live? Register anyway – and we’ll send you the link once it’s posted on our website

Averting Malpractice Claims

“Sorry” Need not be the Hardest Word: Stopping Malpractice Litigation Before It Starts by M. Scott Bailey and Max Wallace

Family physicians, perhaps more than any other specialty of medical practitioners, hold a special place in the lives of those that they care for. A physician who tends to all an individual’s varied health concerns, oftentimes treating multiple generations of the same family, can form a bond with patients that transcends that of the typical doctor-patient relationship. As gratifying as that bond can be to patient and provider alike when disputes or untoward outcomes arise the relationship can become adversarial. No physician wishes to hear that a patient is displeased, much less that a patient is contemplating litigation for some real or perceived injury. Every doctor should know, however, that when faced with the specter of a malpractice suit there are many ways to allay a patient’s concerns while mitigating risk of litigation.

Perhaps the most common pre-litigation scenario a medical provider encounters is a patient who feels harmed by the provider in some way. In almost all cases, there is no better way to resolve a nascent conflict than by offering a simple apology. Imagine that a physician mistakenly prescribes medication to which a patient has a reaction or prescribes the right medication in the wrong dose. Assuming the effects of these errors are mild, it is possible that a patient will be harmed more emotionally than physically. In such a circumstance, a simple admission of error or expression of regret by the physician can give a patient peace of mind and quickly defuse any lingering animosity. Even in cases with more severe injuries, it is remarkable how many patients turned plaintiffs indicate that if only they would have heard their doctor acknowledge the injury with an expression of sympathy or regret, they may not have pursued litigation.

Georgia law recognizes the value of allowing physicians to speak candidly about mistakes in a patient’s care, or express sympathy for a patient experiencing an unexpected outcome. In fact, the law prohibits plaintiffs from introducing a variety of sympathetic behavior by the physician into evidence at trial. Physicians can safely express regret, apology, sympathy, commiseration, condolence, compassion, mistake, error, or a general sense of benevolence to patients, their relatives, or their representative. Physicians should therefore feel free to use such language as “I am sorry this happened,” “I know how difficult this must be,” or even, “I made a mistake.” This law intends to allow providers to be frank with patients without fear of a well-intentioned statement being turned against them. Family physicians chose their specialty in part because of the long-term relationships they develop with their patients. The law encourages physicians to foster that relationship even in the face of a poor outcome or disputed treatment.

Moreover, it is never too early or too late to issue an apology or sympathetic statement. Georgia, unlike other states, does not limit the time frame in which these discussions can occur. The Colorado Candor Act, for example, enables similar privileges for physicians to discuss bad outcomes with patients. The Candor Act in fact goes further than Georgia law in some ways, enabling physicians to discuss the details of how a bad outcome occurred and what steps are being taken to prevent future errors. Colorado, however, requires that a medical provider send formal notice of intent to initiate such a conversation within 180 days of a given incident. Georgia imposes no such requirement, and while providers should limit their conversations with patients who experienced a bad outcome to general expressions of mistake and regret, they should feel free to initiate these conversations at any time.

A second common scenario that family physicians encounter is how best to handle non-compliant patients. Sometimes, despite a physician’s best efforts a patient simply will not cooperate in their own treatment. In such a circumstance, the physician should take steps to terminate his care of the patient while ensuring that the patient is not abandoned. First, the physician should be sure to document the patient’s non-compliance and any efforts the provider has taken to correct the patient. If the patient remains intractable, the physician should draft the patient a letter, explaining in detailed, non-disparaging terms why the provider is terminating the doctor-patient relationship. This letter should also make clear that the physician will continue treating the patient for a reasonable, but brief, period such as 30 days, if necessary. The letter should also provide the patient with referrals to other providers and ready access to their medical records. In the event a provider feels uncomfortable drafting such a letter, she can contact her insurance carrier who should quickly appoint counsel to draft the letter on her behalf. If a physician follows all the above steps, even the most difficult patient will be hard pressed to make a case for abandonment or unfair treatment.

The third prelitigation circumstance doctors are likely to encounter are requests for patient records. These requests can range from benign attempts by a patient to gather their own information to formal demands issued by plaintiff’s attorneys on behalf of a new client. By the time a records request is made by a lawyer, litigation may be unavoidable. A physician’s handling of records, however, can either bolster or cripple his defense of the litigation. When compiling medical records providers should document the records request in their file and notify their insurer of the request. It is even more crucial that providers supply complete and accurate records, with no edits. This advice may seem intuitive, and very few physicians would intentionally alter patient records to change the facts. Many physicians are tempted, however, to simply clarify a point in their chart or trim distracting and irrelevant information from records. It is difficult to overstate how prejudicial these well-intentioned edits can be to a physician’s case. In the age of electronic medical records, plaintiffs and their attorneys always discover what changes a physician made to a patient’s records as well as when those changes were made. The physician is then placed in the unenviable position of explaining why he changed a patient’s records after the treatment in question. When it comes to producing medical records, honesty truly is the best policy. Even the most problematic documentation is more easily addressed than an attempt to cover up a mistake.

In all, Georgia law encourages physicians to be open and honest in their dealings with their patients, even if that honesty is accompanied by difficult conversations such as admitting a mistake or terminating a patient’s care. By being forthright and frank with patients and contacting their insurer with any concerns, doctors can effectively insulate themselves against many incidents that might otherwise become lawsuits. In the unfortunate event that a lawsuit is filed, a physician can rest easy knowing that she took reasonable steps to address a patient’s concerns and that litigation was initiated in spite of her best efforts to avoid it.

 Scott Bailey and Max Wallace

Huff Powell Bailey LLC

https://www.huffpowellbailey.com/

404.892.4022

 

 

A brief review of CDC recommendations for prevention, screening, and treatment of sexually transmitted diseases in the primary care setting for Georgia physicians

Alida Maria Gertz, MD, MPH, MSc, DTM&H

Core Faculty, Wellstar Atlanta Medical Center Family Medicine Residency Program

Georgia has high rates of STDs. In 2018, by rate per 100,000 population, Georgia ranked #7 in chlamydia cases, #15 in gonorrhea, #4 in primary and secondary syphilis, and #10 in congenital syphilis U[1]U. In 2015, Georgia ranked #5 in number of HIV diagnoses [2]. From 2014-2018, adolescents and youth (15-24 years old) made up 58-64% of all STD cases in Georgia. African American youth make up 35% of these cases. From 2014-2018, females made up 72% of chlamydia cases in the 15-24 years old age group and over 53% of gonorrhea cases.  It is thus important for family physicians in Georgia to be aware of updated guidelines for STD prevention, screening, and treatment, and to remember to focus on at risk populations including importantly, adolescents and young adults when seeing patients in the primary care setting.

The most recent CDC treatment guidelines for STDs came out in 2015 [3]. The CDC created PDFs summarizing these guidelines, which are easily and freely downloadable as a pocket guide [4], a wall chart [5], and even apps for iPhones or Androids [6]. More recently, in January 2020, the CDC created a companion guideline to the 2015 STD treatment guidelines, which outlines additional services that primary care clinics should be offering, to ensure quality comprehensive clinical services are provided for STD prevention, screening, and treatment [7]. Eight sections, summarized below, are included in this new guideline: 1) sexual history and physical examination, 2) prevention, 3) screening, 4) partner services, 5) evaluation of STD-related conditions, 6) laboratory, 7) treatment, and 8) referral to a specialist for complex STD or STD-related conditions.

Sexual History and Physical Examination

Taking a good sexual history is key. The five Ps of a thorough sexual history should include questions about: 1) partners, 2) practices, 3) protection, 4) past STDs, and 5) pregnancy prevention (contraception). It is notable that in Georgia, contraception can be prescribed to minors without parental consent. A freely downloadable pocket guide with example questions and step by step instructions on sexual history taking can be found 24There24T 24T[8]24T. The STD physical exam should include inspection of skin, throat, lymph nodes, anogenital area, and a neurologic exam. Notably, the CDC estimates that about half of all new STD infections each year are in people aged 15-24 years old, and Georgia is no exception as noted above 24T[9]24T. For this reason, it is particularly important for providers to ensure they speak to adolescents alone when taking a sexual history 24T[10]24T. Another important group to consider is LGBTQ patients. Men who have sex with men are at increased risk of STDs particularly HIV, and practices should make an effort to include LGBTQ friendly signage in clinics, and staff and providers should have specific training on LGBTQ terminology and how to provide culturally competent care for this vulnerable population 24T[11]24T.

Prevention

Services that should be offered in the primary care setting include: 1) providing condoms, 2) offering hepatitis A, B, and HPV vaccinations, 3) providing emergency contraception pills, 4) offering STD counseling services, and 5) HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and nonoccupational postexposure prophylaxis (nPEP) services. PrEP usually consists of a single daily dose of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) 300 mg and emtricitabine (FTC) 200 mg, however, a full guideline for PrEP prescribing can be found here [12], with a summary on page 11. A supplement with additional information on PrEP for patients who inject drugs, primary care practice protocols for prescribing PrEP, and other special situations also exists [13]. Providers should take note that unlike STD treatment, PrEP and nPEP are NOT allowed to be prescribed to minors without parental consent in Georgia [14].

Screening

Screening and assessment should be available in the primary care setting for: gonorrhea, chlamydia, syphilis, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, HIV, cervical cancer, and trichomoniasis. Screening for STIs is notably allowed in minors without parental consent in Georgia [14].

Partner Services

Strategies should be employed by clinics to identify, test, and treat exposed partners, and should consist of: 1) guidance to patients on notification and treatment of partners, 2) counseling of patients on partner notification, 3) expedited partner treatment (EPT) [15], which is permissible in Georgia (a link to the full Georgia prescribing rules and regulations can be found here [16]), and 4) information on gathering of partner information by health department specialists (disease intervention specialist [DIS]). It is notable that cefixime is no longer recommended for treatment of gonorrhea and therefore also not for EPT; however, it can be used in certain situations [17].

Evaluation of STD-Related Conditions

Clinicians should know to evaluate the following clinical diagnoses for STD etiologies: genital ulcer disease (etiologies include: syphilis, HSV, chancroid, granuloma inguinale, and lymphogranuloma venereum), urethritis (etiologies include: gonorrhea, chlamydia, mycoplasma, trichomoniasis, and HSV), vaginal discharge (etiologies include: bacterial vaginosis, trichomoniasis, and candidiasis), PID (gonorrhea and chlamydia), epididymitis, pharyngitis, genital warts (HPV), proctitis (etiologies include: gonorrhea, LGV serovars of Chlamydia trachomatis, syphilis, and HSV), ectoparasitic infections (etiologies include: pediculosis pubis and scabies), and certain systemic or dermatologic conditions (which can be caused by: disseminated gonorrhea, neurosyphilis, ocular syphilis, condylomata lata, or palmar plantar syphilitic rash). Empiric treatment should be provided when appropriate if clinical suspicion is high.

Laboratory Tests

The following diagnostic tools should be available in the primary care setting: thermometers, pH paper, and phlebotomy. If able, clinics should also consider offering testing with same day results for trichomoniasis, bacterial vaginosis, vulvovaginal candidiasis, urine dipstick, urinalysis with microscopy, pregnancy test, and rapid HIV tests. The following tests should be available via a local laboratory: urogenital NAAT for gonorrhea and chlamydia, extragenital (pharynx and rectum) NAAT for gonorrhea and chlamydia, quantitative nontreponemal serologic test for syphilis, treponemal serologic test for syphilis, HSV viral culture or PCR, HSV serology, fourth-generation antigen/antibody HIV test, oncogenic HPV NAATs with Pap smear, serologic tests for hepatitis A, B, and C, and blood test for pregnancy. Having gram stain, methylene blue, or gentian violet stain for urethritis, gonorrhea culture, gonorrhea antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and NAAT for trichomoniasis in the primary care setting, is optional.

Treatment

First line therapies for STDs and STD related conditions should be available on site or by prescription. A tracking system to ensure patients with confirmed infections fill prescriptions is also recommended. As per the 2015 treatment guideline, metronidazole (oral or vaginal), and vaginal clindamycin are first line recommended treatments for bacterial vaginosis. Azithromycin or doxycycline are first line treatment for cervicitis, chlamydia, and nongonococcal urethritis. For epididymitis, ceftriaxone plus doxycycline is recommended. Acyclovir, valacyclovir, or famciclovir can all be used for genital HSV. Patient-applied imiquimod, podofilox, or sinecatechins, or provider-applied cryotherapy, surgical excision, trichloroacetic acid, or bichloroacetic acid, can all be used for genital warts. Ceftriaxone plus azithromycin is still recommended for gonococcal infections. Permethrin cream can be used for pediculosis pubis and scabies. Penicillin is still recommended for syphilis. Oral metronidazole or tinidazole is advised for trichomoniasis. Finally doxycycline alone is recommended for lymphogranuloma venereum [5-7]. Treatment of STD is allowable for minors without parental consent in Georgia [14].

Specialist referral

Specialist referral should be considered in the situations listed in the table below.

Table 1: Situations involving STDs that should prompt specialist referrals
Complex gonorrhea ●        Resistant gonorrhea

●        Cephalosporin or IgE-mediated penicillin allergy

●        Suspected cephalosporin treatment failure

●        Gonococcal conjunctivitis

●        Disseminated gonococcal infection

●        Gonococcal endocarditis or meningitis

●        Gonococcal ophthalmia in infants

Complex chlamydial infections ●        Chlamydial ophthalmia in infants

●        Pneumonia in infants

●        Persistent or recurrent epididymitis

●        Persistent or recurrent cervicitis

●        Cephalosporin or IgE-mediated penicillin allergy

●        Suspicion of testicular torsion

Complex syphilis ●        Primary, secondary, and latent syphilis in infants and children

●        IgE-mediated penicillin allergy

●        Tertiary syphilis

●        Neurosyphilis

●        Ocular or otic syphilis

●        Syphilis during pregnancy

Complex vaginal discharge, trichomoniasis, and candidiasis ●        Persistent vaginal discharge of unclear etiology

●        Persistent or recurrent trichomoniasis

●        IgE-mediated allergy to nitroimidazoles

●        Recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis in patients who remain culture-positive despite maintenance therapy

●        Recurrent non albicans vulvovaginal candidiasis

Complex PID ●        Cephalosporin or IgE-mediated penicillin allergy

●        PID surgical complications (e.g., tubo-ovarian abscess)

Complex herpes ●        Antiviral-resistant herpes infection

●        Genital herpes contracted during third trimester of pregnancy

●        Neonatal herpes

Viral hepatitis ●        HBV

●        HCV

Complex warts ●        Cervical or intra-anal warts

●        Atypical anogenital warts with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion on biopsy

Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia or cervical cancer ●        High- or low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions on Pap smear
Complex ectoparasitic infections ●        Crusted scabies in persons with HIV infection
Sexual assault ●        When HIV nPEP is being considered

●        STDs in children (if suspected possibility of sexual abuse)

HIV infection ●        For a new diagnosis or to establish a link to care

           

Family physicians are on the frontlines of STD prevention, screening, and treatment. Along with our public health colleagues, it is up to us to decrease the number of STDs in Georgia. Focusing on prevention, screening and treatment, in high risk groups, including adolescents, will help us to do this. Primary care physicians should also work with their local Georgia public health department branches to ensure all notifiable STDs are properly reported [18]. By following the strategies outlined above, we can ensure that best practice for STD prevention, screening and treatment are followed in primary care settings across the state.

References and links to CDC STD resources

  1. 2018 STD Surveillance Report: State Ranking Tables – CDC
  2. Georgia 2015 Health Profile – CDC
  3. STD Tx Guidelines 2015 – Full: https://www.cdc.gov/std/tg2015/tg-2015-print.pdf
  4. STD Tx Guidelines 2015 – Pocket Guide: https://www.cdc.gov/std/tg2015/2015-pocket-guide.pdf
  5. STD Tx Guidelines 2015 – Wall Chart: https://www.cdc.gov/std/tg2015/2015-wall-chart.pdf
  6. STD Tx Guidelines 2015 – App Links: https://www.cdc.gov/std/tg2015/default.htm
  7. STD Clinical Services 2020: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/68/rr/pdfs/rr6805a1-H.pdf
  8. Taking a Sexual History – https://www.cdc.gov/std/treatment/sexualhistory.pdf
  9. https://www.cdc.gov/std/life-stages-populations/adolescents-youngadults.htm
  10. 2017 MMWR on confidentiality issues and use of STD services among Adolescents
  11. CDC Page on LGBTQ Health – https://www.cdc.gov/healthyyouth/disparities/health-considerations-lgbtq-youth.htm
  12. PrEP Guideline 2017 – https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/pdf/risk/prep/cdc-hiv-prep-guidelines-2017.pdf
  13. PrEP Guideline 2017 Supplement – https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/66/wr/mm6609a1.htm https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/pdf/risk/prep/cdc-hiv-prep-provider-supplement-2017.pdf
  14. Minors’ Consent Laws for HIV and STD Services – https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/policies/law/states/minors.html
  15. Expedited Partner Treatment – https://www.cdc.gov/std/ept/default.htm
  16. Georgia STD Screening and Treatment – https://dph.georgia.gov/STDs/screening-and-treatment
  17. EPT for Gonorrhea – https://www.cdc.gov/std/ept/gc-guidance.htm
  18. Georgia DPH reportable disease list – https://dph.georgia.gov/sites/dph.georgia.gov/files/DPH%20ND%20Reporting%20Poster_032414.2.1.2016.pdf